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1. Recent research has revealed the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) could decelerate by how many percent by 2050?
[A] 10%
[B] 15%
[C] 20%
[D] 25%
Correct Answer: C [20%]
Notes:
Recent studies show concerning changes in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC). This important ocean current is slowing down mainly because of melting ice sheets. Research from the University of Melbourne and the NORCE Norwegian Research Centre suggests that the ACC could slow by 20 percent by 2050. This change could have serious effects on global climate and marine life. The ACC is the strongest ocean current in the world, linking the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans. It is five times more powerful than the Gulf Stream and is crucial for moving heat, water, and nutrients around the planet. It also affects weather patterns and climate stability.
2. Which state has recently launched the ‘Project Hifazat’, a transformative initiative aimed at boosting support for women and children facing violence?
[A] Uttar Pradesh
[B] Punjab
[C] Kerala
[D] Maharashtra
Correct Answer: B [Punjab]
Notes:
Recently, Punjab introduced ‘Project Hifazat’, a major initiative designed to enhance support for women and children experiencing violence. The project was launched just before International Women’s Day. Its goal is to establish a thorough response system to tackle domestic violence and harassment, making it easier for victims to report their situations. Project Hifazat aims to remove the fear that stops victims from asking for help. It seeks to create a connected support network for women and children in need. The initiative includes a 24/7 helpline, number 181, which sorts calls into emergency, non-emergency, and informational categories. Emergency calls are quickly directed to the Emergency Response Support System (ERSS-112) for prompt action. This organized method ensures that urgent cases receive priority attention.
3. Which constitutional body has recently established a Group of Ministers (GoM) to propose strategies for revenue mobilisation during natural calamities?
[A] Finance Commission of India (FCI)
[B] National Commission for Scheduled Castes (NCSC)
[C] Goods and Services Tax Council (GST Council)
[D] National Commission for Backward Classes (NCBC)
Correct Answer: C [Goods and Services Tax Council (GST Council)]
Notes:
Recently, the GST Council set up a Group of Ministers (GoM) to suggest ways to raise funds during natural disasters. This decision came after a meeting on December 21, 2024, where the need for a better disaster response was discussed. The GoM will work on creating standard policies for a special calamity tax. It is led by Suresh Khanna, the Finance Minister of Uttar Pradesh, and includes finance ministers from Assam, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Kerala, Uttarakhand, and West Bengal. Their combined knowledge aims to tackle the financial issues caused by natural disasters. The terms of reference include seven important topics. The GoM will look into the legal aspects of a special tax and whether it should target specific sectors or be more general. It will also decide if the tax should apply to B2B, B2C transactions, or both. The GoM is responsible for creating a system to identify events as natural disasters, which will help in applying the special tax under the GST system. This system aims to provide clear and consistent revenue generation during emergencies.
4. Which scheme has introduced to enhance the operational viability of Cooperative Sugar Mills (CSMs)?
[A] Methanol Interest Subvention Scheme
[B] Cooperative Society Scheme
[C] National Cooperative Development Scheme
[D] Ethanol Interest Subvention Scheme
Correct Answer: D [Ethanol Interest Subvention Scheme]
Notes:
The Government of India has launched a revised Ethanol Interest Subvention Scheme to assist Cooperative Sugar Mills (CSMs) in transforming their sugarcane-based ethanol plants into multi-feedstock facilities. This initiative allows these mills to utilize grains like maize and damaged food grains (DFG) in addition to sugarcane. The aim is to ensure year-round operation and enhance productivity. Ethanol production in India mainly depends on sugarcane, which has a limited crushing season of just 4-5 months each year, limiting the sugar mills’ operational capacity. To address this, the government is promoting the use of various feedstocks for steady production. The Ethanol Blended Petrol (EBP) Programme targets a 20% ethanol blend with petrol by 2025. Through this scheme, the government provides an interest subvention of 6% per year or 50% of the bank interest rate for loans from banks or financial institutions over five years, including a one-year grace period. This financial support encourages CSMs to broaden their operations beyond just sugarcane.
5. Who has recently launched been the Surat Food Security Saturation Campaign Programme?
[A] President Draupadi Murmu
[B] PM Narendra Modi
[C] Union Ministry Amit Shah
[D] CM Bhupendra Patel
Correct Answer: B [PM Narendra Modi]
Notes:
The Surat Food Security Saturation Campaign was started by Prime Minister Narendra Modi in Limbayat, Surat. This program aims to provide benefits from the National Food Security Act to more than 230,000 people. It highlights Surat’s unity and progress, emphasizing the need for food security for the poor and marginalized. The goal is to ensure that everyone has access to food security programs, focusing on fairness and inclusion. The government has also identified over 250,000 new beneficiaries, including the elderly and people with disabilities. This initiative will offer free rations and healthy food to those in need. Several schemes have been launched to support food security, such as the Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Yojana, which was created during the COVID-19 pandemic to help the poor. The PM Poshan Scheme provides nutritious meals for school children, while the Saksham Anganwadi Program supports mothers and young children. Additionally, the PM Matru Vandana Yojana gives financial aid to pregnant women.
6. Which space agency is advancing its capabilities in space technology by developing a LOX-methane engine?
[A] National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
[B] Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales (CNES)
[C] Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA)
[D] Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO)
Correct Answer: D [Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO)]
Notes:
ISRO is improving its space technology by creating a LOX-methane engine for its Next Generation Launch Vehicle (NGLV). This engine includes a reusable booster stage and two upper stages that are used once. The goal is to provide more mission flexibility with the ability to restart multiple times. Recent tests of a spark torch igniter have shown progress in this project. A LOX-methane engine uses liquid oxygen as an oxidizer and methane as fuel, which is seen as the future fuel for space missions. Methane can be made from water and carbon dioxide available in space, making it suitable for long missions like those to Mars. The Liquid Propulsion Systems Centre (LPSC) at ISRO is working on a spark torch igniter for the LOX-methane engine to improve ignition reliability and ensure cleaner burning. A successful test of this igniter was performed using gaseous oxygen and hydrogen.
7. Which organization has recently launched the “NITI Frontier Tech Hub” with the primary goal of accelerating India’s advancements in emerging frontier technologies?
[A] ISRO
[B] NITI Aayog
[C] DRDO
[D] Infosys
Correct Answer: B [NITI Aayog]
Notes:
NITI Aayog has recently introduced the “NITI Frontier Tech Hub” to boost India’s progress in new technologies such as quantum computing and artificial intelligence. This initiative aims to establish India as a leader in the global tech arena and is a vital part of the country’s goal for “Viksit Bharat” by 2047. The hub will strengthen India’s skills in these areas. A strategic report was also published, discussing how quantum computing affects national security. This report highlights the transformative impact of quantum technology on various sectors and its role in improving security. Quantum computing uses the principles of quantum mechanics, focusing on creating hardware and software that utilize quantum bits, or qubits. Unlike traditional bits, qubits can be in multiple states at once due to superposition, enabling quantum computers to carry out complex calculations more effectively.
8. Which country has recently withdrawn from the international convention banning cluster bombs?
[A] France
[B] Lithuania
[C] Germany
[D] Switzerland
Correct Answer: B [Lithuania]
Notes:
Lithuania has recently pulled out of the international agreement that bans cluster bombs. This choice is influenced by security worries about Russia. Human rights groups have criticized this decision. Lithuania’s move shows a change in its defense approach as tensions rise in Eastern Europe. The Convention on Cluster Munitions was established in 2008 and took effect on August 1, 2010. It forbids the use, production, transfer, and storage of cluster bombs. These weapons release many smaller explosives that can still pose risks long after wars are over. Currently, 112 countries are part of the convention, which aims to protect civilians from the harmful effects of cluster munitions.
9. India has recently signed a deal with which country for the T-72 Tank Engine upgrade?
[A] Russia
[B] Italy
[C] France
[D] Israel
Correct Answer: A [Russia]
Notes:
The Indian Ministry of Defence has made a significant move to strengthen its military by signing a $248 million contract with Russia’s Rosoboronexport. This deal will provide 1,000 HP engines for T-72 tanks and includes technology transfer to Indian manufacturers. This effort supports India’s “Make in India” initiative, which focuses on increasing local defence production. The T-72, a main battle tank designed in the Soviet Union and introduced in 1971, is still crucial for many military forces, including India’s. Currently, the Indian Army uses T-72 tanks with 780 HP engines, and upgrading to 1,000 HP engines will enhance their mobility and combat effectiveness. This upgrade is vital for maintaining performance in modern warfare. The improved mobility of the T-72 will facilitate better movement during operations. Newer T-72 models, like the CI-Ajeya, come equipped with advanced features such as GPS navigation, Explosive Reactive Armour, and Integrated Fire Detection Systems, ensuring the T-72 stays relevant in today’s battlefield.
10. Which country has hosted the Sea Dragon 2025 Naval Exercise?
[A] United States
[B] United Kingdom
[C] Canada
[D] France
Correct Answer: A [United States]
Notes:
The Sea Dragon 2025 naval exercise has started near the coast of Guam in the western Pacific Ocean. This important multilateral drill focuses on anti-submarine warfare (ASW) and is organized by the United States Navy’s 7th Fleet. It will run from March 4 to March 19, 2025. The Indian Navy, Japan Maritime Self-Defence Force (JMSDF), Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF), and Republic of Korea Navy (ROKN) are all taking part in this exercise to improve teamwork in maritime security operations.
11. The Australia-India Sports Excellence Forum was officially inaugurated by the Minister of State for Sports, Raksha Khadse, at which place?
[A] GIFT City
[B] Hyderabad
[C] Greater Noida
[D] Gurugram
Correct Answer: A [GIFT City]
Notes:
Union Minister of State for Youth Affairs and Sports, Smt. Raksha Khadse, officially launched the Australia–India Sports Excellence Forum at GIFT City in Gandhinagar, Gujarat, on March 6, 2025. This forum is designed to strengthen sports collaboration between Australia and India by utilizing Australia’s extensive experience in sports development and integrating effective practices within the Indian sports framework. At the forum, Raksha Khadse pointed out that sports connect India and Australia. She mentioned that the forum goes beyond just cricket and hockey, aiming to improve elite athlete training, sports facilities, and investment in sports. Many important guests were present, including the Australian High Commissioner, Philip Green, and Gujarat’s Sports Minister, Harsh Sanghavi.
12. The DPIIT and which car company have signed an MoU to drive manufacturing excellence, road safety, and sustainability in India?
[A] Tata Motors
[B] Maruti Suzuki
[C] TOYOTA
[D] Mercedes-Benz India
Correct Answer: A [Mercedes-Benz India]
Notes:
The Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT) and Mercedes-Benz India have entered into a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) to boost manufacturing, road safety, and sustainability in India. This partnership is designed to assist startups by providing them with infrastructure, mentorship, funding options, and access to markets. Additionally, it will promote international partnerships and knowledge sharing, encouraging technological progress and sustainable innovations in the automotive industry.
13. Which country has recently appointed Eyal Zamir as its new Chief of Staff?
[A] Israel
[B] Iran
[C] Iraq
[D] Egypt
Correct Answer: A [Israel]
Notes:
Israel has designated Eyal Zamir as its new Chief of Staff during a pivotal moment in its military history. A former tank commander and the previous director of the defense ministry, Zamir succeeds Lieutenant General Herzi Halevi, who stepped down in the aftermath of the Hamas attack on October 7, 2023. His appointment occurs in the context of ongoing Israeli military actions in Gaza, escalating tensions with Iran, and a heightened emphasis on security in the West Bank. Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu has voiced his confidence in Zamir’s capacity to achieve “absolute victory” over Hamas.
14. The Dharavi Redevelopment Project, which was recently seen in the news, is an urban rehabilitation initiative of which city of India?
[A] Mumbai
[B] Hyderabad
[C] New Delhi
[D] Greater Noida
Correct Answer: A [Mumbai]
Notes:
The Dharavi Redevelopment Project is an urban renewal effort in Mumbai. Recently, the Supreme Court of India allowed the project to move forward despite some legal challenges. The Adani Group was awarded the project in 2022 after the previous winner, Seclink Technology Corporation (STC), had their bid canceled. This court ruling comes during ongoing construction and questions about the bidding process. The goal of the Dharavi Redevelopment Project is to change one of Asia’s largest slums into a modern city area. The Maharashtra government gave the project to Adani Properties in 2022 after canceling STC’s earlier successful bid. The project covers 259 hectares and aims to enhance living conditions for the residents. Seclink Technology Corporation, located in Seychelles, has contested the decision to award the project to Adani, claiming that the tender rules were altered to benefit Adani, which they see as an “abuse of power.” STC’s legal team argues that their proposal was better and should have been chosen.
15. Which airline has become the world’s second fastest-growing airline in seat capacity, according to the latest report by the Official Airline Guide (OAG)?
[A] AirAsia India
[B] IndiGo
[C] Vistara
[D] SpiceJet
Correct Answer: B [IndiGo]
Notes:
IndiGo Airlines has reached an important achievement by becoming the world’s second fastest-growing airline in seat capacity, as reported by the Official Airline Guide (OAG). In 2024, the airline saw a 10.1% growth compared to the previous year, totaling 134.9 million seats. This places IndiGo right after Qatar Airways, which had a 10.4% increase in seat capacity during the same time. The report also emphasizes IndiGo’s strong growth in flight frequency, its growing international services, financial success, and future strategies.
16. Which of the following has secured the third position among the strongest insurance brands globally?
[A] American National Insurance Company
[B] Powszechny Zakład Ubezpieczeń (PZU)
[C] Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC)
[D] China Life Insurance
Correct Answer: C [Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC)]
Notes:
The Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC) has achieved recognition as the third most robust insurance brand worldwide, as indicated by a Brand Strength Index (BSI) score of 88 out of 100 in the Brand Finance Insurance 100 report for 2025. The top position in this ranking is held by PZU from Poland, which boasts a BSI score of 94.4, followed closely by China Life Insurance in second place with a score of 93.5. Additionally, LIC is ranked 12th in terms of brand value among global insurance companies, while SBI Life occupies the 76th position, making them the only two Indian insurance firms featured in the top 100.
17. Which country has secured the top position as the best country for working women in the 2025 Glass-Ceiling Index?
[A] Iceland
[B] Japan
[C] Turkey
[D] Sweden
Correct Answer: D [Sweden]
Notes:
International Women’s Day (IWD) is celebrated every year on March 8. It highlights the achievements of women in various areas like culture, politics, and the economy. This day also allows us to reflect on how far we’ve come in gender equality and the ongoing issues in workplaces around the world. The Glass-Ceiling Index (GCI) from The Economist compares the best and worst countries for working women. The 2025 GCI shows that while there have been notable improvements globally, gaps still exist. This year, Sweden has taken back the title of the best country for working women, moving ahead of Iceland, which was first for the last two years. On the other hand, countries such as Japan, Turkey, and South Korea still face challenges due to deep-rooted social norms and pay differences.
18. The term “Doubtful voter” or “D-voter” is mainly used in which northeastern state?
[A] Meghalaya
[B] Mizoram
[C] Assam
[D] Nagaland
Correct Answer: C [Assam]
Notes:
The opposition in Assam has expressed significant concerns regarding the situation of individuals classified as ‘D’ (Doubtful) voters and has called for the closure of the state’s sole detention facility. D-voters are those who have been unable to establish their Indian citizenship and currently have unresolved cases with the Foreigners Tribunals. This classification is unique to Assam, where issues of migration and citizenship are prominent in the political discourse. The Election Commission of India first introduced the D-voter category in 1997. Individuals designated as D-voters are ineligible to vote or run for office due to the uncertainty surrounding their citizenship status. Notably, the terms ‘doubtful voter’ are not explicitly defined in the Citizenship Act of 1955 or the Citizenship Rules of 2003. It is mandated that a resolution regarding D-voters be reached within a designated period, with the possibility of deportation or detention if they are determined to be foreign nationals.
19. Which state government has recently renamed the upcoming Electronic City in Jagiroad as Ratan Tata Electronic City?
[A] Maharashtra
[B] Bihar
[C] Assam
[D] Uttar Pradesh
Correct Answer: C [Assam]
Notes:
Assam government renames the upcoming Electronics City in Jagiroad as Ratan Tata Electronic City. In a notable decision to honor Ratan Tata’s impact on Assam’s growth, the state cabinet has chosen to name the new Electronics City in Jagiroad as Ratan Tata Electronic City. This action highlights the Tata Group’s important role in Assam’s industrial and economic development. The announcement came after N Chandrasekaran, chairman of Tata Sons, spoke at the Advantage Assam 2.0 Investment Summit in February 2025, where he noted Ratan Tata’s strong ties to the region. The Tata Group has played a key role in advancing Assam’s economy and technology, especially in the semiconductor and electronics sectors.
20. Which state has adopted digital monitoring for Routine Child Vaccinations through the RISE App?
[A] Karnataka
[B] Uttar Pradesh
[C] Rajasthan
[D] West Bengal
Correct Answer: B [Uttar Pradesh]
Notes:
Uttar Pradesh has made an important move to boost its immunization program with the launch of the ‘Rapid Immunisation Skill Enhancement’ (RISE) app. This app will help staff nurses, Auxiliary Nurse Midwives (ANMs), and health workers to better track and manage routine vaccinations for children. The goal is to increase vaccination rates, identify families hesitant to vaccinate, and ensure all immunization activities are done properly. By shifting from traditional training to real-time digital learning, the state aims to improve the reach, safety, and efficiency of vaccinations.
21. Karnataka state government to be renamed Bangalore City University after whom?
[A] Rajiv Gandhi Bengaluru University
[B] Dr. Manmohan Singh Bengaluru University
[C] Indira Gandhi Bengaluru University
[D] Zakr Husain Bengaluru University
Correct Answer: B [Dr. Manmohan Singh Bengaluru University]
Notes:
Karnataka Chief Minister Siddaramaiah has declared that Bangalore City University will be renamed Dr. Manmohan Singh Bengaluru University to honor the former Prime Minister. The government plans to develop it into a model university by merging Government Arts College and Government RC College. Furthermore, the Karnataka government has committed to substantial investments in higher education, which includes hiring 2,000 teachers, upgrading facilities, and enhancing government engineering colleges and polytechnics.
22. Which country has won the ICC Champions Trophy 2025?
[A] India
[B] New Zealand
[C] South Africa
[D] Australia
Correct Answer: A [India]
Notes:
The ICC Champions Trophy started in 1998 as the ICC Knockout Tournament, with the goal of supporting cricket in countries that do not play Test matches. Its popularity led to major cricket nations hosting the event later on. From 2009, only the top eight ICC ODI teams participated. The tournament was discontinued after the 2017 edition to simplify ICC events. However, in 2021, the ICC announced it would return in 2025 in Pakistan and in 2029 in India. If India decides not to play in Pakistan, they might also miss ICC events there. On November 16, 2021, the ICC confirmed that the 2029 ICC Champions Trophy would take place in India, likely in October to November. India has made history again by winning its third ICC Champions Trophy title. In an exciting final against New Zealand, the team showed great skill, determination, and teamwork to win. Chasing a target of 252 runs, India scored 252/6, proving its strength in world cricket. Player of the Match: Rohit Sharma. Player of the Tournament: Rachin Ravindran (263 runs).
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