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1. Which organization is poised to launch its first open-weight language model since GPT-2?
[A] Google
[B] OpenAI
[C] Amazon
[D] Rubrik
Correct Answer: B [OpenAI]
Notes:
OpenAI is set to release its first open-weight language model since GPT-2, which is anticipated to have reasoning abilities. This model will provide developers with access to trained parameters. This initiative is a response to increasing competition in the AI industry. In machine learning, weights are numerical values that assist a model in making predictions, and these values are adjusted during training to enhance accuracy. In Large Language Models (LLMs), weights encapsulate the knowledge acquired from training data. Models with a higher number of weights tend to have a better understanding of language. Open weight models allow anyone to access the trained weights, enabling downloads and usage with the appropriate computer setup. These models assist developers in tasks such as text generation or emotion analysis without the need to invest time and resources in training a model from the ground up. The primary benefit of open weights is that they simplify the use of powerful models. However, having open weights does not necessarily mean that the model’s architecture or training data is also publicly available. Users can leverage the model’s capabilities without fully understanding its construction.
2. Which ISRO satellite has captured detailed images of earthquake damage in Myanmar?
[A] CARTOSAT-3
[B] SARAL
[C] SCATSAT
[D] INSAT-2B
Correct Answer: A [CARTOSAT-3]
Notes:
The CARTOSAT-3 satellite, developed by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), obtained high-resolution imagery of the destruction caused by an earthquake in Myanmar. On March 28, 2025, a significant earthquake measuring 7.7 on the Richter scale struck the region. Images captured on March 29 were analyzed alongside pre-disaster data from March 18 to evaluate the extent of the damage in the areas of Mandalay and Sagaing. CARTOSAT-3 is a third-generation, agile, advanced Earth observation satellite that supersedes the Indian Remote Sensing (IRS) series and is equipped with enhanced imaging capabilities. It was launched using the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV-C47).
3. Which country has recently partnered with India for joint research expeditions in Antarctica?
[A] France
[B] Chile
[C] Germany
[D] Spain
Correct Answer: B [Chile]
Notes:
India and Chile have formed a partnership to conduct joint research expeditions in Antarctica. This collaboration focuses on important topics like climate change, geosciences, microbiology, and innovation. The agreement was formalized through a Letter of Intent (LoI) during Chilean President Gabriel Boric’s visit to India, marking a significant step in scientific collaboration between the two countries. The LoI was signed by Union Earth Sciences Minister Jitendra Singh and aims to strengthen scientific and policy connections in the polar region. Both countries are dedicated to the sustainable management of Antarctic resources and ecosystems. The partnership will be carried out through India’s National Centre for Polar and Ocean Research (NCPOR) and Chile’s Antarctic Institute (INACH). Key areas of focus will include climate change research, geological studies of Antarctica, investigations into microbial life in extreme environments, and the development of new technologies for research and conservation. Regular discussions on Antarctic policy will be held to support joint initiatives under the Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting (ATCM) and the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR). This framework will improve cooperation and ensure compliance with international regulations. The agreement also encourages the exchange of researchers between India and Chile, enhancing expertise and exploration capabilities. Joint expeditions will facilitate shared knowledge and resources, leading to more thorough research results.
4. Which of the following has successfully completed training the first batch of Cyber Commandos?
[A] IIT Madras Pravartak
[B] IIT Bombay
[C] IIT Hyderabad
[D] IIT Kanpur
Correct Answer: A [IIT Madras Pravartak]
Notes:
The IIT Madras Pravartak Technologies Foundation has successfully trained its first group of Cyber Commandos, completing the program on April 1, 2025. This initiative addresses the rising threat of cybercrime by providing law enforcement officers across India with advanced skills in cybersecurity to tackle new digital challenges. As cyber threats become more frequent and complex, the demand for skilled personnel in law enforcement is at an all-time high. The Cyber Commandos Programme, launched by the Union Ministry of Home Affairs, aims to enhance India’s cyber defense by equipping officers with the latest cybersecurity techniques. The inaugural group consisted of 37 law enforcement officers who have now completed their training at IIT Madras.
5. Where was the first calf born using In-Vitro Fertilized Embryo Transfer (IVF-ET) technology?
[A] Pune
[B] Ranchi
[C] Kolar
[D] Puducherry
Correct Answer: D [Puducherry]
Notes:
Puducherry has reached a significant milestone in animal husbandry with the birth of the first calf using In-Vitro Fertilized Embryo Transfer (IVF-ET) technology. This accomplishment is part of a pilot project supported by the Rashtriya Gokul Mission, which aims to improve the genetic quality of cattle in the area. The IVF-ET process started on July 1, 2024, when a seven-day-old embryo was transferred to a jersey cow belonging to a local farmer. Veterinary professionals closely monitored the procedure. A successful conception test in October 2024 resulted in the birth of a female jersey crossbreed calf on March 28, 2025. This project represents the first case of surrogacy calf production through embryo transfer in Puducherry. The initiative focuses on preserving and enhancing local cattle breeds while also improving the genetic potential of dairy cows. The successful birth highlights the effectiveness of advanced reproductive technologies in local farming.
6. Recently, which state has launched the ‘Lakhpati Baideo’ programme?
[A] Assam
[B] Bihar
[C] Kerala
[D] Gujarat
Correct Answer: A [Assam]
Notes:
Assam has recently introduced the ‘Lakhpati Baideo’ programme, which is designed to support women entrepreneurs with financial aid and training. Chief Minister Himanta Biswa Sarma announced this initiative, targeting 40 lakh members of women self-help groups (SHGs). The goal of the programme is to boost women’s financial independence and encourage entrepreneurship in rural areas. Under the Lakhpati Baideo scheme, women SHG members can receive financial support, starting with ₹10,000 as seed capital in the first year. In the following years, they may receive ₹25,000 in the second year and ₹50,000 in the third year, depending on their business performance. The total budget for the scheme is estimated at ₹4,000 crore. It specifically aims to assist women from SHGs throughout Assam, including those from general, OBC, SC, and ST categories. There are certain eligibility requirements, such as family size limits: general and OBC beneficiaries can have a maximum of three children, while SC and ST beneficiaries are allowed up to four.
7. In the Financial Year 2024-25, India reached a significant milestone in defense exports. What was the percentage increase compared to the previous year?
[A] 10.05%
[B] 11.03%
[C] 12.04%
[D] 13.07%
Correct Answer: C [12.04%]
Notes:
In the Financial Year 2024-25, India marked a significant achievement in defence exports, totaling ₹23,622 crore. This is a 12.04% increase from the previous year, driven by higher sales of artillery shells, guns, and small arms. This growth highlights India’s expanding presence in the global defence market. Compared to FY 2023-24, defence exports rose by ₹2,539 crore. Defence Public Sector Undertakings (DPSUs) saw an impressive 42.85% rise in their exports. The private sector accounted for ₹15,233 crore, while DPSUs contributed ₹8,389 crore to the overall total. The Department of Defence Production issued 1,762 export authorisations in FY 2024-25, an increase from 1,507 the year before. This 16.92% growth suggests a more efficient process for exporters. Recent policy changes have made licensing procedures easier and extended license validity to promote further growth.
8. Which vessel reached Cape Town, South Africa, completing the fourth leg of the Navika Sagar Parikrama II (NSP-II) expedition?
[A] INS Deepak
[B] INSV Tarini
[C] INSV Shardul
[D] INS Aditya
Correct Answer: B [INSV Tarini]
Notes:
The Navika Sagar Parikrama II (NSP-II) expedition, led by two female officers from the Indian Navy, has successfully arrived in Cape Town, South Africa, marking the completion of the fourth segment of its global journey. The crew aboard the vessel INSV Tarini was greeted at the port by Indian Consul General Ms. Ruby Jaspreet, Rear Admiral (JG) Lisa Hendricks from the South African Navy, and Defence Adviser Captain Atul Sapahia. To celebrate the crew’s arrival, the South African Naval Band performed. Launched on October 2, 2024, from Goa, the expedition is set to cover over 23,400 nautical miles (around 43,300 kilometers) over eight months, with plans to return in May 2025. Prior to reaching Cape Town, the vessel made stops in Fremantle (Australia), Lyttelton (New Zealand), and Port Stanley (Falklands, UK). While at the Royal Cape Yacht Club for two weeks, the crew will interact with South African Navy members, participate in community outreach activities, and carry out necessary maintenance and repairs.
9. Who has been appointed as the Deputy Governor of the Reserve Bank of India (RBI)?
[A] Dr Anand Mohan
[B] Dr Surjit Rai
[C] Dr Poonam Gupta
[D] Dr Vasumitre
Correct Answer: C [Dr Poonam Gupta]
Notes:
The Government of India has appointed Dr. Poonam Gupta as the new Deputy Governor of the Reserve Bank of India (RBI). This appointment comes after Michael Patra’s resignation earlier this year. Dr. Gupta brings a wealth of experience in economic research and policy and will hold the position for a three-year term. Her selection follows the recent meeting of the RBI’s Monetary Policy Committee, highlighting the significance of her role in influencing India’s economic strategy.
10. Who has been appointed as a member of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) Managing Director’s Advisory Council on Entrepreneurship and Growth?
[A] N Chandrasekaran
[B] Anil Ambani
[C] Gautam Adani
[D] Anand Mahindra
Correct Answer: A [N Chandrasekaran]
Notes:
N Chandrasekaran, who serves as the Chairman of Tata Sons, has been selected to join the International Monetary Fund (IMF) Managing Director’s Advisory Council on Entrepreneurship and Growth. This council’s purpose is to offer guidance on macroeconomic and financial policies that foster innovation, entrepreneurship, and sustainable economic development.
11. Who has been appointed as the new Managing Director (MD) & Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of SBI Card?
[A] Anurag Pande
[B] Manjula Sharma
[C] Salila Pande
[D] Rohini Dube
Correct Answer: C [Salila Pande]
Notes:
SBI Cards and Payment Services (SBI Card) has announced the appointment of Salila Pande as its new Managing Director (MD) and Chief Executive Officer (CEO), starting April 1, 2025. This news was shared through a press release submitted to the BSE (Bombay Stock Exchange) and NSE (National Stock Exchange). As one of India’s top credit card issuers, SBI Card is set to enter a new leadership era with Salila Pande at the helm, aiming to enhance its presence in the expanding credit card market. With nearly 30 years of experience in banking, Salila Pande brings extensive expertise and leadership that will support the company’s future development.
12. Recent archaeological research on copper plates of the Vijayanagar Empire indicates the reign of which king?
[A] Krishnadevaraya
[B] Harihara II
[C] Devaraya I
[D] Bukka I
Correct Answer: C [Devaraya I]
Notes:
The recent discovery of copper plates from the time of Devaraya I represents a significant archaeological find. These plates, associated with the Vijayanagara Empire, offer essential insights into the history and governance of that period. They were created during Devaraya I’s coronation in 1406 CE and feature inscriptions in Sanskrit, Kannada, and Nāgarī scripts. A distinctive royal seal illustrating Vamana is present, marking a shift from the usual Varaha emblem. Devaraya I ruled the Vijayanagara Empire from 1406 to 1422 CE, following a power struggle after his father, Harihara II, passed away. Renowned for his military skills and advancements in irrigation, Devaraya I modernized the army and boosted agricultural output. His reign is also recognized for its cultural and architectural achievements. The copper plates are vital for tracing the genealogy of the Sangama Dynasty, detailing the lineage of Devaraya I and his five sons. They record the grant of Gudipalli village to Brahmins, reflecting the socio-religious dynamics of the time. Additionally, they verify the previously uncertain coronation date of Devaraya I, enhancing the credibility of historical accounts. The plates outline the distribution of Gudipalli village and its surrounding hamlets to Brahmins from different gotras, highlighting the significance of Vedic knowledge in society. The precise boundaries of the grant are documented in Kannada, illustrating the administrative accuracy of the Vijayanagara Empire.
13. Who has been honored with Gold Mercury Award for Peace and Sustainability?
[A] Dalai Lama
[B] Sadhguru Jaggi
[C] Mātā Amritānandamayī Devi
[D] Ramdev Baba
Correct Answer: A [Dalai Lama]
Notes:
On April 1, 2025, the Dalai Lama, a prominent Tibetan spiritual leader, received the Gold Mercury Award for Peace and Sustainability during a special event at his home in Dharamshala, Himachal Pradesh. This award was given by Gold Mercury International, a well-known think tank focused on promoting peace, governance, and sustainable development. The Dalai Lama, celebrated worldwide as a symbol of peace, was honored for his unwavering dedication to non-violence, human dignity, interfaith dialogue, and environmental protection. Nicolas De Santis, the President and Secretary-General of Gold Mercury International, presented the award and commended the Dalai Lama’s lifelong efforts. This recognition is particularly meaningful as the spiritual leader nears his 90th birthday, highlighting a significant milestone in his remarkable journey of advocacy and leadership.
14. Which state has received Geographical Indication (GI) Tags for the Kumbakonam betel leaf from Thanjavur and the Thovalai flower garland from Kanyakumari?
[A] Kerala
[B] Karnataka
[C] Tamil Nadu
[D] Andhra Pradesh
Correct Answer: C [Tamil Nadu]
Notes:
The Government of India has awarded Geographical Indication (GI) Tags to the Kumbakonam betel leaf from Thanjavur and the Thovalai flower garland from Kanyakumari. With this recognition, Tamil Nadu now has a total of 62 GI products. The announcement followed a four-month review, and the official GI status was published in the Government Gazette on November 30, 2024.
15. Which ministry has recently released the report titled “How Does Climate Change Impact Women and Children Across Agroecological Zones”?
[A] Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change
[B] Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment
[C] Ministry of Health and Family Welfare
[D] Ministry of Women And Child Development
Correct Answer: D [Ministry of Women And Child Development]
Notes:
The Union Ministry of Women and Child Development (WCD) has recently published a report called “How Does Climate Change Impact Women and Children Across Agroecological Zones.” The report highlights that women and children are at a greater risk of dying in disasters than men. This difference is worsened by current social roles and responsibilities. It is essential to gather gender-specific data to create effective disaster management plans.
16. The Army Commanders’ Conference (ACC) 2025 is held in which city?
[A] Hyderabad
[B] Kolkata
[C] New Delhi
[D] Mumbai
Correct Answer: C [New Delhi]
Notes:
The Army Commanders’ Conference (ACC) 2025 has begun in New Delhi, running from April 1 to April 4, 2025. This important biannual gathering serves as a vital forum for the Indian Army’s senior leaders to evaluate the national security landscape, prioritize operations, and tackle new challenges. Discussions at the conference will cover significant reforms, decision-making processes, and welfare initiatives aimed at improving the effectiveness and well-being of Army personnel. Defence Minister Rajnath Singh will lead a special session that will feature contributions from high-ranking officials, including the Chief of Defence Staff (CDS) and the CEO of NITI Aayog, focusing on India’s strategic goals and the armed forces’ role in nation-building.
17. Which district in Jharkhand is the first to start a screening campaign for Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)?
[A] Gumla
[B] Khunti
[C] Simdega
[D] Ranchi
Correct Answer: D [Ranchi]
Notes:
Ranchi is the first district in Jharkhand to initiate a comprehensive screening and management program for Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD), now referred to as Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD). This condition arises from fat accumulation in the liver without significant alcohol intake. In contrast, Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease results from heavy drinking. While early-stage NAFLD is generally harmless, it can progress to cirrhosis and liver failure if not addressed. Additionally, it raises the risk of developing diabetes, high blood pressure, and kidney issues. A more severe form of this condition, known as Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH), can potentially lead to liver cancer.
18. Which Indian state will host the Asia Cup Hockey 2025?
[A] Gujarat
[B] Odisha
[C] Bihar
[D] Haryana
Correct Answer: C [Bihar]
Notes:
Rajgir, Bihar, is set to welcome the Hero Asia Cup Hockey 2025 in August. Hockey India and the Bihar State Sports Authority have formalized their collaboration through a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) for this event. The tournament is scheduled to take place from August 29 to September 7 at the Rajgir Hockey Stadium. This marks Rajgir’s second international sporting event, following the Women’s Asian Champions Trophy in 2023, which India won. The 12th edition of the tournament will include 8 teams, such as India, Pakistan, Japan, Korea, China, and Malaysia.
19. Which Indian woman announced her retirement from international hockey on April 2, 2025?
[A] Navneet Kaur
[B] Preeti Dubey
[C] Vandana Katariya
[D] Sangita Kumari
Correct Answer: C [Vandana Katariya]
Notes:
Indian women’s hockey legend Vandana Katariya announced her retirement from international hockey on April 2, 2025. The experienced striker, who has the highest number of international caps in the history of Indian women’s hockey, revealed that she is stepping down at the peak of her remarkable 15-year career. Vandana Katariya, a prominent figure in Indian women’s hockey, has officially said goodbye to the international stage. At 32 years old, she played a vital role in India’s significant successes and shared her feelings on social media, expressing her desire to leave the sport while still performing at her best. With 320 international matches and 158 goals, she retires as the most capped female hockey player in India.
20. Which day is celebrated as National Maritime Day each year in India?
[A] April 2
[B] April 3
[C] April 4
[D] April 5
Correct Answer: D [April 5]
Notes:
Maharashtra Governor C P Radhakrishnan recently presided over the inauguration of the 62nd National Maritime Day and Merchant Navy Week at Raj Bhavan in Mumbai. Celebrated each year on April 5, National Maritime Day honors the maiden voyage of SS Loyalty, the first ship owned by Indians, which departed from Mumbai to London on April 5, 1919. Various ports and maritime organizations associated with the Ministry of Ports, Shipping, and Waterways (MoPSW) acknowledged the bravery and dedication of seafarers during this event. The celebration highlighted India’s maritime accomplishments and its vital contribution to the global shipping sector.
