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41. Which Indus site shows the evidence of further strengthening of the defences at a later phase?
[A] Mohenjodaro
[B] Lothal
[C] Harappa
[D] Chanhudaro
Correct Answer: C [Harappa]
Notes:
During the later Mature Harappan phase, starting around 2600 BCE, strong walls were built around the city of Harappa. The earlier simple mud brick barriers were upgraded to tall walls, about 6 meters high, made stronger with baked bricks on the outside. This change shows that there were increasing dangers, requiring better defenses to keep the people safe.
42. Which Indus site shows the evidence of double burial?
[A] Harappa
[B] Lothal
[C] Kalibangan
[D] Dholavira
Correct Answer: b [Lothal]
Notes:
Double burials, which are quite uncommon, have been discovered at the Harappan site of Lothal in Gujarat. Archaeologists found two adult male skeletons along with grave goods such as ornaments in one burial mound. This suggests that there were deep emotional connections, indicating that relationships in Harappan society went beyond just family ties.
43. Which of the following Brahmana recommends ‘one hundred sacred paths’?
[A] Satpatha Brahmana
[B] Gopatha Brahmana
[C] Kathaka Brahmana
[D] None of the above
Correct Answer: A [Satpatha Brahmana]
Notes:
The most important Brahmana which is the attechted to the Yajur Veda called the Satpatha Brahmana is the most exhaustive. It recommends ‘one hundred sacred paths’. Each of the Vedas has several Brahmanas attached to it.
44. Which of the following emerged as the chief means of livelihood of the Later Vedic people?
[A] Fishing
[B] Hunting
[C] Agriculture
[D] Rearing animals
Correct Answer: C [Agriculture]
Notes:
During the Later Vedic period agriculture emerged as the chief means of livelihood. Large areas of forests were cleared by burning trees the mention of which is found in the Satapatha Brahamana. Cultivation was done by the plough.
45. The first Jain council was held at which of the following places?
[A] Patliputra
[B] Vallabhi
[C] Ujjain
[D] Vaishali
Correct Answer: A [Pataliputra]
Notes:
The first Jain council was held in 300 BCE at Patliputra. The council resulted in the Compilation of 12 angas to replace Purvas (Rejection by Digambaras). Sthulabhadra was President of first council.
46. Which among the following is not included in the five aggregates of Buddhism?
[A] Rupa
[B] Vedana
[C] Moksha
[D] Sanna
Correct Answer: C [Moksha]
Notes:
The five aggregates of Buddhism which are also called Pancha-khanda or Pancha-skandha include Rupa, Vedana, Sanna, Sankharas, and Vinnana. These five aggregates work together to produce the personal experience.
47. Which of the following statements are correct with respect to Ajivikas?
I. They were rigid fatalists.
II. They were determinists
III. They held that the affairs of the entire universe were ordered by a cosmic force called niyati.
Select the correct option from the codes given below:
[A] Only I
[B] Only II & III
[C] Only III
[D] I, II and III
Correct Answer: D [I, II and III]
Notes:
The following statements are correct with respect to Ajivikas:
(i). They were rigid fatalists.
(ii). They were determinists
(iii). They held that the affairs of the entire universe were ordered by a cosmic force called niyati.
48. Which of the following is known as an era of ‘Second Urbanisation’?
[A] Third century BCE
[B] Second century BCE
[C] Sixth century BCE
[D] Seventh century BCE
Correct Answer: C [Sixth century BCE]
Notes:
The sixth century BCE is also known as the era of ‘Second Urbanisation’ in the Indian Subcontinent. Urban centers emerged nearly after a gap of more than a thousand years after the decline of Harappan towns.
49. What does the use of ‘Horse’ as a motif in the Ashokan pillar symbolizes?
[A] Symbol of fertility
[B] Purity and Fecundity
[C] Departure of Siddhartha
[D] Dharmachakra
Correct Answer: C [Departure of Siddhartha]
Notes:
The Ashokan pillar contains different motifs placed at the top of the pillars. These motifs are considered to be in the harmony with the Dhamma message. Horse symbolizes the departure of Siddhartha from his home.
50. Which of the following Chola King annexed the northern Sri Lanka and named it Mummadichola mandalam?
[A] Sundara Chola
[B] Uttama Chola
[C] Rajaraja I
[D] Rajaraja II
Correct Answer: C [Rajaraja I]
Notes:
Rajaraja I destroyed the chera navy at Trivandrum, attacked Quilon, and captured Madurai. He also captured the northern Sri Lanka and named it Mummadichola mandalam. Rajaraja I also conquered the Maldives islands.
